The visibility was less than five metres, and it was a disappointing dive. With 1.4 billion people as of 2021, it accounts for about 18% of the world's human population.Africa's population is the youngest amongst all the . We facilitate ranger training and provide equipment. They dubbed the part of the coast to which they sailed Azania, or the Land of Zanjby which they meant the land of the blacks and by which they knew it until the 10th century. The Indian ocean lies to the east of Africa, Wiki User. Sharm el-Sheikh has become . 293,654,000. Some geologists studying the Canary Islands predict that the western side of a volcano eventually will slide off into the ocean, sending a 300-foot high wave of liquid destruction our way. Eastern Africa region The Nairobi Convention A: Overview The Western Indian Ocean region is characterised by high biodiversity, both in terms of species and ecosystems, with a young and growing human population, especially in coastal urban centres. From the 1840s, cameras traced the international migrations of traders, sailors, sons, and daughters through Indian Ocean ports, continuing trade that dates back over five millennia. All of the states produced pottery. There is some archaeological evidence that during the Qin and Han dynasties Chinese shipping technology was already quite advanced (the central rudder was invented around this time). Experts say it is time . There appears also to have been a rather extensive trade with the island of Madagascar. With millions of humans also sharing the land, frequent encounters occur and often lead to conflict. [27] There are differing theories on whether there was a single exodus or several; a multiple dispersal model involves the Southern Dispersal theory. While Madagascar is dominant, there are several smaller islands. The inhabitants, whose main local currency was cowrie shells, traded with the peoples of the Persian Gulf and, by the early 11th century, had first come under Muslim influence. Women gathering sand oysters in Mozambique. East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. The Periplus Maris Erythraei. Omani Arab colonization of the Kenyan and Tanzanian coasts brought the once independent city-states under closer foreign scrutiny and domination than was experienced during the Portuguese period. [74] In Ethiopia, there is an estimated population of 102million as of 2016.[75]. [52], The earliest Bantu inhabitants of the east coast of Kenya and Tanzania encountered by these later Arab and Persian settlers have been variously identified with the trading settlements of Rhapta, Azania and Menouthias[53] referenced in early Greek and Chinese writings from 50 CE to 500 CE,[54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61] ultimately giving rise to the name for Tanzania. I was swimming slowly after it, blacking out the background to highlight its vivid colours. ~ Peet J. van Eeden, ? The Swahili term "dhow" encompasses a diversity of sailing ships, from coastal fishing boats to ocean-going vessels. [25][26], According to the theory of the recent African origin of modern humans, the predominantly held belief among most archaeologists, East Africa in the area of the African Great Lakes is where anatomically modern humans first appeared. Though the straits were never completely closed, there may have been islands in between which could be reached using simple rafts. Similarly, a positive Indian Ocean Dipole result in warm sea-surface temperatures off the coast of East Africa and lead to increased rainfall over East Africa. The east coast of Africa holds a bounty of life that rivals the land. The Republic of Venice had gained control over much of the trade routes between Europe and Asia. 7 Days in Entebbe, The Last King of Scotland, Out of Africa, Queen of Katwe, The Constant Gardener, Hotel Rwanda, The Good Lie, and Captain Phillips are a few of the critically acclaimed movies. We also work towards MSC certification for the deep water shrimp fishery in Mozambique. The main ethnic groups of Eritrea, the Tigray and the Tigre, are speakers of Semitic languages. "Africa South of the Equator," in Africa Since 1800. Within minutes, the blindingly bright white flats had been obscured by the downpour, and I lost the shark in the rain. Chami, Felix A. The East African Rift valley, the Red Sea, and the Gulf of Aden are clearly visible in this Landsat 8 image, taken on 8 November 2019. . Generally the Eastern Hemisphere includes most of Africa, about half of Antarctica, all of Asia and Australia/Oceania, and most of Europe. Dhows were used in the nineteenth century to carry slaves from the East African coast to various islands in the Zanzibar archipelago. Most of the smaller islands are independent nations, or associated with France, and known as luxury beach resorts . A map drawn in Spain dated 1375, showing the king of Mali holding a gold nugget. In the high mountains rainfall can be over 2,500mm (98in). East African Islands Type: territory Description: Islands in the Indian Ocean off the eastern coast of Africa. By 1896, the war had become a total disaster for the Italians and Ethiopia was able to retain its independence. [37][38][39], In September 2019, scientists reported the computerized determination, based on 260 CT scans, of a virtual skull shape of the last common human ancestor to modern humans/H. This in turn challenged the older trading networks of mixed land and sea routes, such as the spice trade routes which utilized the Persian Gulf, Red Sea, and camel caravans to reach the eastern Mediterranean.[66]. The British Empire set foot in the region's most exploitable and promising lands acquiring what is today Uganda, and Kenya. In the Horn of Africa and Nile Valley, Afroasiatic languages predominate, including languages of the family's Cushitic (such as Beja, Oromo and Somali), Semitic (such as Amharic, Arabic and Tigrinya), and Omotic (such as Wolaytta) branches. Coastal storms bring stronger winds creating greater wave damage along shorelines. 110. WWF has also helped community fishing councils gain authority to combat illegal fishing in the reserve. Further information in the sections of Architecture of Africa: Further information in the sections of History of science and technology in Africa: Since the end of colonialism, several East African countries were riven with military coups, ethnic violence and oppressive dictators. The East African Islands are in the Indian Ocean off the eastern coast of Africa. East Africa is a subregion of the continent of Africa, according to the United Nations Geoscheme. Shadows in the water at the Aliwal Shoal, South Africa Christophe Lapeze (Photographer of the Year 2017 Entrant), ? Out here in the deep blue waters, the fin indeed belongs to a blue shark, swimming just below the surface. The three main colors of the African country were beige, red, and blue. The Italian occupation of Ethiopia ended in 1941 during World War II as part of the East African Campaign.The French also staked out an East African outpost on the route to French Indochina. Elephants, rhinos, lions, wild dogs, and more iconic species roam the landscape. Mozambique, Tanzania and Kenya are not only sources of ivory, but also major conduits for illegal wildlife trade. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Because of offshore islands, better landing places, and wetter climate, Arab traders from about 700 seem to have preferred the East African coast to the south of modern Somalia. 1. During the following fifteen centuries, the Bantu slowly intensified farming and grazing over all suitable regions of East Africa, in the process making contact with Austronesian- and Arabic-speaking settlers on southern coastal areas. (UK) +44 (23) 9387-7464 There is evidence of a considerable iron-smelting industry at Manda and of a lesser one at Kilwa. Prevailing climatic conditions and the regions' geomorphology allowed the establishment of flourishing European style settlements like Nairobi, Vila Pery, Vila Junqueiro, Porto Amlia, Loureno Marques and Entebbe.[68]. In the East, Africa faces the Indian Ocean. [36], East Africa is one of the earliest regions where Homo sapiens are believed to have lived. Marine Turtle, African elephant, Black rhino, White rhino, Great white shark, Dugong, Whale shark, In response to Covid-19, a new partnership will boost the devastated nature-based tourism industry in Africa, Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. In fact, a 2015 study published in Geophysical Research Letters showed that by closely watching these tropical disturbances off the coast of western Africa, researchers . Author: George McCall Theal Source: Wikimedia Commons License: Public Domain (2009 est.) Just as there are major conservation issues for the animals on the continent of Africa such as poaching, habitat destruction, and other threats, there are many issues and concerns for the East African marine ecosystems and animals. Encyclopdia Britannica, inc, Jacob E. Safra. It must be a long-term collective commitment to protecting what connects us - our ocean. The east coast of South Africa has a generally well-defined and narrow continental shelf area. Coastal East Africa encompasses a beautiful tapestry of land and seafrom mountains and grasslands to mangroves and fringing coral reefs. Chami, F. A. WWF strives to ensure that local people benefit from economic opportunities that come with new tourism enterprises. The largest ethnic groups in eastern Africa are the Oromo, Cushitic speakers who occupy much of southern Ethiopia, and the related Somali, who occupy all of Somalia, southeastern Ethiopia, and much of Djibouti. In: The Spice Trade of the Roman Empire. Copy. Eastern Africa consists largely of plateaus and has most of the highest elevations in the continent. For discussion of the physical and human geography of individual countries in the region and of their late colonial and postcolonial history, see Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania, and Uganda. Like their predecessors, the Omani Arabs were primarily able only to control the coastal areas, not the interior. Ethiopia remained independent until 1936 when, after the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, it became part of Italian East Africa. WWF works with government and communities to develop land use plans that allow wildlife movement and human use to coexist. eastern Africa, part of sub-Saharan Africa comprising two traditionally recognized regions: East Africa, made up of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda; and the Horn of Africa, made up of Somalia, Djibouti, Eritrea, and Ethiopia. Various bodies of water surround Africa the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the east and southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west and in these waters, you will find an array of dazzling lifeforms, from the smallest nudibranch to the impressive schools of fish that move through the water like a flock of red-billed queleas on the African plains. The ocean's name, derived from Greek mythology, means the "Sea of Atlas." It is second in size to the Pacific Ocean. The Southern African coast line is 5500 km long and extends from Angola (Cunene River mouth)in the west to the Zambezi delta in the east, the border of Tanzania. The team of the East African Marine Transect is on a journey to explore the coral reefs of East Africa and get an understanding of their current health and status. Eastern Africa had an estimated population of 260 million in 2000. Italy gained control of various parts of Somalia in the 1880s. However, the creation of clove plantations, intensification of the slave trade and relocation of the Omani capital to Zanzibar in 1839 by Seyyid Said had the effect of consolidating the Omani power in the region.[67]. It's more than 41 million square miles, the second . Reports show that eight million tons of plastic enter the oceans every year. [22] Elsewhere the annual rainfall generally increases towards the south and with altitude, being around 400mm (16in) at Mogadishu and 1,200mm (47in) at Mombasa on the coast, whilst inland it increases from around 130mm (5in) at Garoowe to over 1,100mm (43in) at Moshi near Kilimanjaro. Language distributions suggest that this most likely occurred from Sudan into the African Great Lakes region, since the Nilotic languages spoken by these pre-Bantu farmers have their closest relatives in the middle Nile basin. Kilwa Kisiwani, located on the southern coast of modern-day Tanzania, is a prime example of how city-states in Africa developed and became wealthy while maintaining autonomous rule. Due to the historical Omani Empire and colonial territories of the British East Africa Protectorate and German East Africa, the term East Africa is often (especially in the English language) used to specifically refer to the area now comprising the three countries of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. The Afar are found in both Eritrea and Djibouti. In Mozambique, WWF helped initiate a new law that makes TEDs mandatory in the countrys shrimp trawl fleet. Home to some of the most spectacular and treasured life, the oceans and seas surrounding Africa contain a multitude of creatures that thrive in the warm and cold currents that run along our continent. Fig. Elephants have learned that raiding farmers fields can provide them with tasty treatsleaving little for the farmer and his family. The region also comprises the countries of Somalia, Djibouti, and Eritrea, which are . To reduce illegal fishing, WWF supports local rangers who monitor artisanal fisheries. Local communities play a critical role in management and patrolling of the area, and have established sanctuaries (no-fishing zones) that allow for the recovery of depleted fish stocks and corals. Climate change is expected to intensify these and other problems. The eastern coast of Africa looks out over the Indian Ocean, which, though vast, is comparatively easily navigated. It is lined with coral reefs, majestic islands, and, under the surface, animals bigger than any of the "Big Five", and none of them are in game parks! Lake Niassa is an important source of freshwater, home to over 1000 fish species and critical to the livelihoods of the people of Mozambique. A blue shark just below the surface about 40km off Cape Point, South Africa Geo Cloete (Photographer of the Year 2018 Top 101), Sail southwest from Cape Point and eventually you will be surrounded by the blue horizon in all directions. Best Answer. Here are the possible solutions for "Republic in East Africa, on the Indian Ocean" clue. Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, Learn how and when to remove this template message, List of kingdoms in pre-colonial Africa East Africa, List of African cuisines East African cuisine, Music of Africa West, Central, Southeast and South Africa, Sub-Saharan African music traditions East Africa, Traditional African religions East Africa, Writing systems of Africa Ancient orthographies, List of ethnic groups of Africa East Africa, History of science and technology in Africa, genocide of Hutus in 1972 and genocide of Tutsis in 1993, "United Nations Statistics Division- Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49)", "Overview of Module Twenty: Southern Africa", 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T6557A16980917.en, 10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<3457:gpoirv>2.0.co;2, "A dipole mode in the tropical Indian Ocean", "A geographically explicit genetic model of worldwide human-settlement history", Searching for traces of the Southern Dispersal, "Genomic evidence for an African expansion of anatomically modern humans by a Southern route", "Genetic and archaeological perspectives on the initial modern human colonization of southern Asia", "Meet the Contenders for Earliest Modern Human", "Stratigraphic placement and age of modern humans from Kibish, Ethiopia", "Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up in Kenya", "A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species", "Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age", "Scientists Find the Skull of Humanity's Ancestor on a Computer By comparing fossils and CT scans, researchers say they have reconstructed the skull of the last common forebear of modern humans", "Deciphering African late middle Pleistocene hominin diversity and the origin of our species", Guns, Germs and Steel: The Fate of Human Societies, "Forgotten Ancient History of East Africa", "The Bantu Migration | World Civilization", "Perspectives on the African past Google Books", "Uganda and Its Peoples: Notes on the Protectorate of Uganda, Especially the Anthropology and Ethnology of Its Indigenous Races", "Islands in a Cosmopolitan Sea: A History of the Comoros by Iain Walker (Review)", "Book review. This also leaves more habitat for wildlife and keeps farms close to home. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. A new period opened, it seems, in the 9th century. This benefits local people who rely on the forest for their livelihoods and frees up resources for the governments to improve local education and health infrastructure. In 1890, beginning with the purchase of the small port town of (Asseb) from a local sultan in Eritrea, the Italians colonized all of Eritrea. WWF has worked with local communities to replant and restore degraded mangrove forests in Tanzania and Mozambique, enhancing the resilience of these habitats to climate change. This answer is: The Indian Ocean has cast up a wealth of literature that merges fact and fiction, the most familiar to us being The Seven Voyages of Sindbad as passed down in the The Arabian Nights. Overharvesting of timber and illegal commercial logging continue to threaten forests in Coastal East Africa. Logging also opens up previously inaccessible forests to poachers and illegal wildlife traders. To comment on this story: Download our app here - it's a troll-free safe place . The red stood for the English, blue stood for the French, and the beige stood for Germany during the period of colonialism. The region also provides habitat for threatened shorebirds and seabirds, including the sooty tern, the masked booby, the greater crested tern, and the brown noddy. The British also held a number of island colonies in the region, including the extended archipelago of Seychelles and the rich farming island of Mauritius, previously under the French sovereignty. Research has shown that most of the monster storms that hit the US and Canada start out as a distinct weather pattern in the atmosphere over western Africa, specifically a spot off the coast of the African Cape Verde islands.. Rwanda and Uganda continue to be involved in related conflicts outside the region. They have revealed an extensive pre-Muslim settlement standing on the edge of what was the finest harbour on the coast. (1999). However, the official Omani Arab presence in Kenya was checked by German and British seizure of key ports and creation of crucial trade alliances with influential local leaders in the 1880s. Sodwana Bay is the oldest marine reserve in South Africa and its healthy reefs and rich; diverse marine life is a prime example of this. ~ Geo Cloete, ? Here's a small sample of Africa's best beaches. eastern Africa, part of sub-Saharan Africa comprising two traditionally recognized regions: East Africa, made up of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda; and the Horn of Africa, made up of Somalia, Djibouti, Eritrea, and Ethiopia. The German Empire gained control of a large area named German East Africa, comprising present-day Rwanda, Burundi and the mainland part of Tanzania named Tanganyika. Africa has a huge range of coastline which borders not only two oceans, but two seas as well. The climate of East Africa is rather atypical of equatorial regions. Indo-European languages, such as English, French and Portuguese, remain important in higher institutions in some parts of the larger region. Rainfall in East Africa is characterised by two main rainfall seasons, the long rains from MarchMay and the short rains from October- December. Between 2500 and 3000 years ago, Bantu-speaking peoples began a millennia-long series of migrations eastward from their homeland around southern Cameroon. This was projected to reach 890 million by 2050, with an average growth rate of 2.5% per annum. It spans two oceans as it winds its way down the Atlantic seaboard in the west and up into the warmer Indian Ocean waters to the east. Over a period of many centuries, most hunting-foraging peoples were displaced and absorbed by incoming Bantu communities, as well as by later Nilotic communities. During the period of the Scramble for Africa, almost every country in the larger region to varying degrees became part of a European colonial empire. Mafia Island, which lies out to sea here, could perhaps be Menouthias, the only island named in both the Periplus and the Guide, although this could also be either Pemba or Zanzibar (perhaps there has been a conflation of all three in the one name). It also includes the world's second largest freshwater lake, Lake Victoria, and the world's second deepest lake, Lake Tanganyika. In Tanzania, WWF works with partners to help improve lives and protect wildlife through the creation of Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs)communal lands where local communities participate in the management of wildlife and resources. 2010-10-06 07:36:31. Each year, tons of flip. We work with farmers to adopt practices that conserve resources and use less space, ensuring forest remains intact for wildlife. Both the Tigray and the Amhara, another Semitic-speaking group, dominate northwestern Ethiopia. Among these languages are Kikuyu, Luhya, Kinyarwanda, Kirundi, Kisukuma, Luganda and many others. Lucas Jackson/Reuters Elsewhere in the US, the West Coast is getting hit by huge storms coming from the goofy jet stream . Click the image for a larger view. These voyages of discovery by the Chinese to the African Red Sea coast, East Africa and its Indian Ocean islands, required sea-worthy vessels. Encyclopedia Britannica, inc, Jacob E. Safra, J. D. Fage, A history of Africa, Routledge, 2002, p.29, Daniel Don Nanjira, African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy: From Antiquity to the 21st Century, ABC-CLIO, 2010, p.114. By 1300, like the inhabitants of neighbouring Mafia, they were living in Muslim towns, the rulers of which were Shites. 2002. Some are sovereign nations in their own right, while others are little-known secrets that harbor fantastic cultural and natural treasures. Approximately 55,000 people live in or around the Quirimbas marine reserve off the coast of Mozambique. The Kingdom of Aksum was a trading empire centered Eritrea and northern Ethiopia. WWF works with local communities, governments and industry to create awareness and appreciation for the connection between nature and people. Manda had close trading connections with the Persian Gulfwith Srf in particular. Well-established gold and ivory trade network existed between African kingdoms in the interior and cities on the east coast of Africa. [48] The Bantu expansion was a long series of physical migrations, a diffusion of language and knowledge out into and in from neighboring populations, and a creation of new societal groups involving inter-marriage among communities and small groups moving to communities and small groups moving to new areas. Networking & debating APP subscribers only, TRUSTED CONSERVATION PROJECTS This photo depicts a portion of the base of the smack, illustrating the dense concentration of jellyfish. ~ Geo Cloete, ? The waters of the Western Indian Ocean also support globally important shrimp and tuna industries. Please click on this logo for more information. Compass in the dark at Atlantis Reef dive site, Simons Town, South Africa Peet J. van Eeden (Photographer of the Year 2017 Top 101), I went diving at the newly discovered Atlantis reef. Princeton, Princeton University Press. KEN MORIYASU, Nikkei Asia chief desk editor June 30, 2021 03:53 JST. Omissions? East Africa Discover East Africa & the Indian Ocean Islands - Enjoy Breathtaking Scenery, Wonderful Plants & Trees, Countless Varieties of Birds & Abundant Wildlife East Africa is home to some of the continent's most famous sights, but also some of its least explored corners. Birth of undersea volcano off the east coast of Africa recorded in great detail. The Arabs reclaimed much of the Indian Ocean trade, forcing the Portuguese to retreat south where they remained in Portuguese East Africa (Mozambique) as sole rulers until the 1975 independence of Mozambique. Washington, DC 20037. Today they are still used across the Indian Ocean to carry merchandise such as fruits, water, or spices. One area of work focuses on tuna, as we seek to help fisheries achieve certification by the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC). The southern three-fourths of Somalia became an Italian protectorate (Italian Somaliland). Moreover, this area had the potential for a significant residential expansion, being suitable for the relocation of a large number of British nationals to the region. Whales, dolphins, dugongs and whale sharks inhabit these Indian Ocean waters. The visible mantle tissue is responsible for its colourful appearance, and it harbours large populations of single-celled photosynthetic algae or zooxanthellae. ~ Peet J. van Eeden. Zanzibar is a semi-autonomous state in the United Republic of Tanzania. The construction of Fort Jesus in Mombasa in 1593 was meant to solidify Portuguese hegemony in the region, but their influence was clipped by the British, Dutch and Omani Arab incursions into the Great Lakes region during the 17th century. In fact, on the coast of Somalia, many years can go by without any rain whatsoever. Gujarati traders were already criss-crossing the ocean for biashara with the Swahili Coast of Eastern Africa. The Big Five of the Ocean: Exploring the Waters of East Africa. Though the majority of its houses were of wattle and daub, there were also some of stone. Off the coast of East Africa is the Indian Ocean. Increased numbers of fish in the sanctuary areas benefit local fishermen who catch more fish in the surrounding areas, and have fueled a profitable tourism industry. We help them increase crop yield, improving livelihoods and offering alternatives to poaching. The southern part of East Africa was occupied until recent times by Khoisan hunter-gatherers, whereas in the Ethiopian Highlands the donkey and such crop plants as teff allowed the beginning of agriculture around 7,000 BCE. Make a symbolic African elephant adoption to help save some of the world's most endangered animals from extinction and support WWF's conservation efforts. Main ethnic groups of Eritrea, the fin indeed belongs to a shark... The British Empire set foot in the region also comprises the countries of Somalia, many can! Eritrea, east coast of africa ocean are group, dominate northwestern Ethiopia, remain important higher. The rain some discrepancies encounters occur and often lead to conflict that people... 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Of Antarctica, all of Asia and Australia/Oceania, and the beige stood for Germany during the period of....
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